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Types of statistical studies

Psychologists were interested in assessing the effect of commercials on eating behavior in children. They randomly assigned a group of 500500 children, 77-1111 years old, to two groups. After randomization, each child was asked to watch a cartoon in a private room, containing a large bowl of goldfish crackers. The cartoon included 22 commercial breaks.
The first group watched food commercials (mostly snacks), while the second group watched non-food commercials (games and entertainment products). Once the child finished watching the cartoon, the psychologists weighed the crackers bowl to measure how many grams of crackers the child ate. Then, they compared the average amount of crackers eaten by each group.
What type of statistical study did the psychologists use?
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The psychologists found that the mean amount of crackers eaten by the children who watched food commercials is 1010 grams greater than the mean amount of crackers eaten by the children who watched non-food commercials. Based on some re-randomization simulations, they concluded that the result is significant and not due to the randomization of the groups.
What valid conclusions can be made from this result?
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